Dr. MJ Hardman and Dr. Dimas Bautista Iturrizaga announce:
In the town of Tupe
On July 5-6, 2007
the residents of Tupe
the teachers of Tupe, Aysha y Qullqa
the residents of Lima, Huancayo, Cañete
and Jaqaru speakers residing elsewhere
The commission of the DINEBIR of the Ministerio de Educación,
The authorities of UGEL if the Province of Yauyos,
linguists and anthropologist of the Universidad de San Marcos
gathered together
to come to an agreement in consensus
about the alphabet for Jaqaru for purposes of bilingual education.
45 years after the development of the alphabet
by Dr. Dimas Bautista Iturrizaga
based on the work of Dr. MJ Hardman,
this alphabet, based on the structure of Jaqaru itself,
after one and a half days of deliberation,
was officially recognized and adopted.
The Acta, as
signed by all parties present,
is as follows:
Ak"maw Markanhqa
In Tupe of the fifth day of the month of July of the year two thousand and seven, a eight o’clock in the morning, meet in the Meeting Room of Centro Educativo nº 20743 of Tupe, with the participation of the local authorities of the Distrito de Tupe, Mayor, Governor, Judge of the Peace, the speakers from DINEBIR, Dr. Vidal Carvajal, on the outline of the Jaqaru Language for pedagogical use, Dr. Felipe Huayhua on reflections on the alphabet of the Jaqaru Language, Dr. Luis Vasquez, Felipe Huamán, María del Carmen de Cuba, Gerardo Quiroz Chueca, Emérita Escobar and others UGEL Yauyos Prof. Efraín Caschuricra Bautista, representative of DREL Prof. Abelardo Ventocilla Flores, linguist teacher Nieves Payano Iturrizaga, teacher Nelly Belleza Castro, where they motivated a Wide debate on the alphabets proponed by Dr. Martha Hardman and Nelly Bella, discussed the fifth and sixth days of the present month where there wide criteria and the proposal of the alphabet of Dr. Martha Hardman was based on substantial substance for use in reading-writing of the JAQARU language in Tupe, the contributions of the community, of the citizens, of the local authorities for the best pedagogical use, making appropriate recommendations for its use, the practice of the JAQARU language to reaffirm the identity of the culture and its normalization and we ask the Ministry of DINEBIR and DEIB for their approval and officialization of the Jaqaru alphabet.
There being on other particular, here by the authorities, the teachers and the community of Tupe make the commitment to extend and develop the language in the educational process within the framework of intercultural bilingual education in its different educational levels and modalities.
There being no other point to discuss the assembly was concluded it being
one thirty o’clock in the afternoon of the sixth day of July of the year
two thousand and seven and those present passed to sign.
Emérita Escobar — UNMSN — UNALM
Felipe Huayhua Pari— UNMSN
María de Carmen de Cuba— UNMSN
Gerardo Quiroz Chueca — UNMSN (antropólogo)
Dimas Bautista Iturrizaga
Yolanda Nieves Payano Iturrizaga —Coordinadora del programa de Formación
lengua JAQARU
Efraín Canchuriera Bautista — UGEL Nº 13 Yauyos
Vidal Carvajal Solís — Representante del Ministerio, DINEBIR —
DEIB
Julián Mamani Condori — Representante del Ministerio, DINEBIR —
DEIB
Abelardo Ventocilla Flores— Representante de la Región (DRELP)
Fortunato Silvestre — Tupe
(sin descifrar)
Pablo Casas — Director de la IEPITA Nº 20743 — Tupe
Guillermo Gutiérrez — docente
Precilio Valerio — Qullqa
José Luís Manrique — Presidente de APAFA
Berlinda Casas Sanabria— Tupe
Windeill Silvestre— Tupe
Hildebrando Ramírez Payano— Tupe
Daciano Ramírez Valerio — Director de la Revista Tupinachaka; CISEJAP
Marisol Contreras H. — Tupe
Adrián Cuevas Ramos — Juez de Paz — Tupe
Clifford Clay Sanabria Payano — Tupe; Docente
Rosalbina Valerio — Tupe
Obed Morales Cuevas — Presidente de la Comunidad Campesina de Tupe
Fernando Cuevas — Tupe; Docente
Verónica Murillo —ISPPI, Catahuasi, Yauyos
Esteban Casas Flores — Tupe
Isabel de la Cruz Rivera — Tupe
(sin descifrar)
Galdino Robinson Ordóñez Payano — estudiante, La Cantuta;
Tupe
Marleni Atanasio Ángeles — Tupe
Leucadia Melgarejo — Tupe
Rogelio Castro Ramírez — Tupe
(sin descifrar)
(autoridad, sin descifrar, con sello) UGEL
(sin descifrar)
Manrique
Gumersindo Albedo — Tupe
Atanasio Ángeles Wilinston— Tupe
(sin descifrar)
Gloria Casas Payano— Tupe
Megdonia Payano — Tupe
Richard Payano Iturrizaga— Aysha
Olinda Iturrizaga Casas — Tupe
María Acevedo Ángeles— Tupe
Benjamín Ordóñez Payano— Tupe
(sin descifrar)
Pedro D. Valerio — Gobernador del distrito de Tupe
Dionicia Vilca Valentín — Tupe
Eleuteria Sanabria Melgarejo — Tupe
(sin descifrar)
Ludina Casas Vilca — Tupe
(sin descifrar, con sello) Presidente, Comunidad Campesina de Tupe
(sin descifrar)
Tomás Sanabria — Fiscal de la comunidad campesina
Rolanda Sanabria — Tupe
Dimas Bautista Iturrizaga
Jorge Caas U — Tesorero de la Comunidad Campesina de Tupe
Cleofina Ángeles — Tupe
Florentina Ramírez Sanabria — Tupe
Genoveva Erasmo — Tupe
Andrea Casas — Tupe
Fulgencio Ángeles Villanueva
Roy Miranda Castro — Tupe
Martín Flores Casas — Tupe
Calixtra Acebedo Abad — Tupe
Teogonia Abad S. — Tupe
(sin descifrar)
(sin descifrar)
Gonzalo Ramírez Manrique
(sin descifrar)
Cuevas — Tupe
R. Casas — Tupe
Delcy Manrique E. — Tupe
Julana Payano
Jovino Manrique C — Tupe
Edura Ramírez
Ida Manrique — Tupe
Casas Payano
Elodina Casas C— Tupe
(sin descifrar)
Richard Payano S. — Tupe
Farmineo Morales C. — Representante del COINOEI
Gudelia Huamán Castro
Leandro (sin descifrar, con sello) Presidente, Comunidad Campesino de Aiza
Lucina Payano R. — Aysha
Enma Iturrizaga — Aysha
Edita Valerio Morales — Aysha
Gloria Payano Ángeles — Aysha
Ascensión Payano — Aysha
Ismael Ángeles — Aysha
Noemí Payano Cuevas — Aysha
Saturnino Erasmo Vilca — Aysha
Ángeles Villanueva — Juez de Paz, Pueblo de Aiza
Reynata Payano — Aysha
Nicson Vivas Ángeles — Aysha
Flora Villanueva Belleza — Aysha
Máximo Payano Ramírez — Aysha
Mildraide Manrique — Aysha
Etelbolde Casanova — Aysha
Gladys Sanabria A. — Profesora, Red Educativa de Educación Bilingüe
Intercultural, pueblo Jaqaru, Tupe
Speaker Prof. Nieves
The story of this alphabet is a very long one, beginning in the forties when
Dimas went looking for someone to help him write his language. He found me in
the late fifties. We worked together, Dimas as informant (consultant in today's
lingo) for my linguistics. When we had the phonology clearly discovered, we
set about deciding on an alphabet, which is primarily his. It needed to be.
A practical alphabet is for speaker use; linguists may use it, but that is not
the point. He came up with the " for aspiration (at the time I was using
the linguistic notation of a superscript h, which would not work, of course,
in a practical alphabet. He also came up with nh for the velar nasal; I would
have used ng, of course; I am so glad he did not. Years later we ran across
a similar use in a colonial document from southern Peru for the Aymara spoken
there, which retains a velar nasal – speaker intuition.
The harder part were the consonants that do not exist in European languages.
We had to have something that would not be confused with consonant clusters,
of which there are many in Jaqaru. Finding satisfactory ways of doing so was
difficult. For the alveolar one tz was not difficult and the z kept if from
being confused with the ts cluster, which occurs frequently. The palatal and
retroflex were more difficult. We finally chose tx for the palatal set; the
retroflex was more difficult. We tried a number of options and finally settled
for cx, though not entirely happily. It does signal that what it represents
is different and it does not interfere with any consonant clusters, and it does
work; the children in the school learn it without confusion, which is the definition
of successful.
All of this work was done in the late fifties and early sixties; by 1961 there
was an alphabet for Jaqaru. We began at that point our long odyssey with the
Ministry of Education to get permission for bilingual education in the schools
in Tupe, Aysha and Qullqa. Meanwhile, I taught adult literacy courses in Tupe
each year and began to use the alphabet in my professional publications.
In the early eighties we began some serious production of materials, in spite
of our failure with the Ministry, giving them to all of the schools in the area
(Tupe, Aysha, Qullqa, Catahuasi, Chavin, Cachuy, Canchán). The total
work comes to some fifty publications of various types suitable for use in the
schools, most of them edited transcriptions of recorded tapes with the old folks,
a few still monolinguals then. Only once did we obtain permission to teach in
the school, for two months, thanks to the initiative of Prof. Lisandro Sanabria
Casas.
Under the first government of Alan García the Ministry did, finally,
listen and we prepared to give the teachers the necessary preparation to begin
good bilingual education. It was interrupted by the violence of the late eighties
that made life very difficult for the area of Tupe; we found ourselves exiled
for about ten years. During that time the Ministry came to life with the imposition
of a Universal Alphabet for all of the languages of Peru, an alphabet that was
seriously distorting for Jaqaru. The distortion was, in fact, so bad that, together
with a couple of other official policies, (sentence suffixes and vowel dropping),
the resultant writing in Jaqaru was rendered unintelligible to native speakers.
When we were able to return we found this most unfortunate situation.
The native speakers were most distressed, and they got a copy of what was supposed
to be used in the school into Dimas’ hands. He was appalled. He tried
rewriting it, but not even that could be done, so far was it from actual Jaqaru.
He wrote a letter of protest to the Director of Bilingual Education in the Ministry
who, fortunately, passed it to Prof. Guido Pilares, who met with us several
times, listened, understood, and withdrew
the materials from use in the school. Simultaneously, Prof. Elena Huaytalla
Rosales, of the Normal school in Catahuasi, became concerned for her students
from Tupe. She contacted me, made contacts with the Regional Government of Lima
Provinces, who also listened and understood and, in addition, saw the
importance of Jaqaru. The then Director Wilfredo Cornejo together with Prof.
Abelardo Ventocilla Flores made possible the course that I had wanted to teach
to the teachers in Tupe for more than thirty years, for which I had so thoroughly
prepared more than twenty years earlier. I taught that course in July of 2006.
They also made possible the return of the only Jaqaru speaking linguist (so
far) from Bolivia, Prof. Yolanda Nieves Payano Iturrizaga. She continued my
work, giving a more thorough course
for the teachers in December of 2006.
And now, more than forty five years later, the alphabet that has been in use
all that time has been recognized officially, and we are hoping that the damage
done during the bad times can be overcome and that the continued existence of
Jaqaru be assured.
We are both glad that we have lived long enough to see this. I was not present
at the meeting but it was both filmed and recorded. The emotions that I felt
when I first heard the news are hard to describe; I had been so worried. If
it went the other way I knew it would be the death knell for Jaqaru. But the
whole community came together to preserve their language.
Under the first government of Alan García the Ministry did, finally,
listen and we prepared to give the teachers the necessary preparation to begin
good bilingual education. It was interrupted by the violence of the late eighties
that made life very difficult for the area of Tupe; we found ourselves exiled
for about ten years. During that time the Ministry came to life with the imposition
of a Universal Alphabet for all of the languages of Peru, an alphabet that was
seriously distorting for Jaqaru. The distortion was, in fact, so bad that, together
with a couple of other official policies, (sentence suffixes and vowel dropping),
the resultant writing in Jaqaru was rendered unintelligible to native speakers.
When we were able to return we found this most unfortunate situation.
The native speakers were most distressed, and they got a copy of what was supposed
to be used in the school into Dimas’ hands. He was appalled. He tried
rewriting it, but not even that could be done, so far was it from actual Jaqaru.
He wrote a letter of protest to the Director of Bilingual Education in the Ministry
who, fortunately, passed it to Prof. Guido Pilares, who met with us several
times, listened, understood, and withdrew the materials from use in the school.
Simultaneously, Prof. Elena Huaytalla Rosales, of the Normal school in Catahuasi,
became concerned for her students from Tupe. She contacted me, made contacts
with the Regional Government of Lima Provinces, who also listened and understood
and, in addition, saw the importance of Jaqaru. The then Director Wilfredo Cornejo
together with Prof. Abelardo Ventocilla Flores made possible the course that
I had wanted to teach to the teachers in Tupe for more than thirty years, for
which I had so thoroughly prepared more than twenty years earlier. I taught
that course in July of 2006.
They also made possible the return of the only Jaqaru speaking linguist (so
far) from Bolivia, Prof. Yolanda Nieves Payano Iturrizaga. She continued my
work, giving a more thorough course for the teachers in December of 2006.
And now, more than forty five years later, the alphabet that has been in use
all that time has been recognized officially, and we are hoping that the damage
done during the bad times can be overcome and that the continued existence of
Jaqaru be assured.
We are both glad that we have lived long enough to see this. I was not present
at the meeting but it was both filmed and recorded. The emotions that I felt
when I first heard the news are hard to describe; I had been so worried. If
it went the other way I knew it would be the death knell for Jaqaru. But the
whole community came together to preserve their language.
Escolares
de Tupe
A Marco Antonio Salinas Silvestre por pasar a su mamá la publicación
del Ministerio que distorsionaba Jaqaru.
A Haydée Silvestre Casas por entregar la publicación al Dr. Dimas
Bautista Iturrizaga.
Al Dr. Dimas Bautista Iturrizaga por escribir la carta al Dr. Modesto Gálvez
Ríos, Director de la Dirección de Educación Bilingüe
Intercultural
Al Director Dr. Gálvez por pasar la carta a Guido Pilares
A Guido Pilares por tomar en serio la carta, por llamarnos y por reunirse con
nosotros varias veces, con el fin de estudiar el asunto, por entender y por
fin por desaprobar la publicación tan dañina, y después
por apoyar las medidas necesarias para rectificar la situación.
A Elena Huayatalla Rosales, Profesora del Instituto Pedagógico de Catahuasi,
por interesarse en la situación y por llamar la atención del Gobierno
Regional al problema, y por hacer posible el curso de capacitación, y
preocuparse por la educación de profesores de Tupe, y por acompañarnos
en todos los primeros pasos.
Al Lic. Wilfredo Cornejo Ybargüen, Director Regional de Educación
del Gobierno Regional de Lima, por reunirse con nosotros, por escuchar y estudiar
el problema, y por encontrar soluciones creativas en favor de la educación
bilingüe en Tupe, y por incluir al Jaqaru dentro del Proyecto Caral 2020.
Al Prof. Abelardo Ventocilla Flores, Especialista de Educación DRELP
del Gobierno Regional de Lima, por acompañarnos en todo el proceso, por
hacer posible los muchos trámites oficiales necesarios para el proceso,
por estar con nosotros en Tupe.
Al Prof. Pablo Casas de Tupe, director de la Escuela nº 20743 de Tupe
Al Prof. Compadre José Atanasio, por sus palabras
A la Prof. Gladis Sanabria Acevedo, por sus palabras
Al Prof. Rogelio Castro, por sus palabras
Al estudiante Robinson Ordóñez Payano, por sus palabras
A Clifford Sanabria Payano, por sus palabras
A la lingüista Yolanda Nieves Payano Iturrizaga, por ser lingüista
con compromiso profundo con su lengua natal, por sus ponencias, por su enseñanza
en pro de la supervivencia de la lengua Jaqaru
Al editor de Tupinachaka Daciano Ramírez, por apoyo tras los año,
por publicar buenos textos de Jaqaru, y por sus palabras
A Enrique Huamán de la Cruz por grabarlo todo en video.
A Isabel de la Cruz Rivera por acompañar al Dr. Bautista, por grabar
el audio en cassette, por editar y duplicar los DVD y los CD y por ayudar en
tantas maneras y por su entusiasmo por apoyar todo el proceso.
Apak achak
jaqkuna
Dr. MJ Hardman
http://grove.ufl.edu/~hardman/
Dr. Dimas Bautista Iturrizaga
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